Malaria is a disease that can be quickly and long process,malaria caused by malaria parasites / Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium that aseksual into the human body malaria transmitted by mosquitoes (anopeles) females (WHO 1981) are marked with the Demand, pale face and visible organ enlargement humans. The human malaria parasite that causes malaria is the Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malaria malariae.Parasit the highest in Indonesia is the Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax or a mixture of both, while palsmodium ovale and malariae was found in Sulawesi, Irian Jaya and the state Timor-Leste. The process is started spreading malaria mosquito malaria parasite that has, up to a human outbreak sizon blood or the occurrence of symptoms of fever. The distribution process will be different from each type of malaria parasite that is between 9? 40 days (WHO 1997)
Cycle malaria parasite is the Anopheles mosquito that contains a human malaria parasite, then exit sporozoit of mosquito salivary gland into the blood and tissue heart. Malaria parasites in their life cycle, establish a network in the stadium sizon liver cells (ekso-eritrositer). After the cells broken hearts out akan merozoit / kriptozoit into eritrosit form sizon in eritrosit stadium (stadium eritrositer), began to form tropozoit young sison old / mature eritrosit so broken and out merosoit. Merosoit most of the re-entry to eritrosit and a small form gametosit male and female that is ready to diisap by female malaria mosquitoes and continue the cycle of life in the body of the mosquito (sporogoni stadium). In the stomach of the mosquito occurs between cells gamet male (micro gamet) and female cells gamet (gamet macro) called zigot. Zigot akan ookinet be changed, and then into the stomach wall of mosquitoes becomes ookista. After ookista cooked and then broken, the incoming and outgoing sporozoit to mosquito saliva gland that is ready to be transmitted to the human body. Special P. Vivax and P. Ovale in parasitnya cycle network in the heart (sizon network), a parasite that is not in the liver cells to resume cell cycle eritrosit but the network is embedded in the heart called Hipnosoit (see chart cycles), this is a form of hipnosoit cause malaria relapse. In the patients with an hipnosoit, a time when resistance in the body such as a decline due to too tired / busy / stressful or perobahan climate (rainy season), it will inflame hipnosoit to continue the cycle of the parasite in the liver cells to eritrosit. After eritrosit a broken berparasit akan symptoms develop the disease again. For example, 1? 2 years previously had suffered from P. Vivax / Ovale treated and cured after a while he moved to the area free of malaria and no malaria mosquito, he experienced fatigue / stress, the symptoms of malaria appear when checked again and it will be SD-positive P. Vivax / Ovale.
On P. Falciparum can attack to the body and cause organ damage such as brain, kidney, tuberculosis, liver and heart, which lead to the occurrence of malaria / complications, whereas P. Vivax, P. Ovale and P. Malariae not damage the organs. P. falciparum in a network that contains the old parasites in the brain, this event is called sekuestrasi. In the heavy malaria, plasmodium often not found in the blood because the edge has sekuestrasi. Although malaria mortality serebral reach 20? 50%, almost all people who do not show symptoms tertolong remaining neurologis (sekuele) in adults. Malaria on a small child can occur sekuele. In the area hiperendemis or immunitas high when the examination is done often found SD SD-positive without clinical symptoms in more than 60% of the total population.
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